Why law enforcement

Salaries must be paid regularly, in full and take into account working conditions in order to prevent unethical behaviour on the grounds of unjust remuneration.

Additionally, the system, as a whole, should be monitored by strong control mechanisms and institutions. State support given to the police will also impact levels of loyalty and ethical behaviour. State support can include both positive such as recognition and appreciation and negative reinforcement mechanisms fair and effective sanctions. Improving the gender balance within the police workforce may also contribute to prevent corruption since as evidence exists that units of the same sex are more prone to establishing informal corruption networks.

Therefore, networks of corrupt collaboration are harder to form and less likely to expand. Codes of conduct are a very important tool to curb corruption and build integrity in law enforcement. They should be visible and accessible. They should also be supported and promoted by senior personnel. Integrity is something that should be taught and promoted on a regular basis within the police force. This can be done via seminars and trainings.

Presentations should raise awareness about the importance of integrity and the risks of corruption, explain and promote codes of conduct, and constitute a forum where concepts are explained and knowledge is constantly updated.

As corruption is a complex and changing concept, current awareness needs to be defined and revised continuously. Occasionally activities that may not have previously been considered corrupt may become unacceptable. It is therefore crucial to keep this information on best and worst practices up to date. Moreover, it is important to explain not only the devastating effects of corruption on public safety, general wellbeing, and state development; but also the individual implications of engaging in corrupt practices and sanctions that offenders will face.

It is imperative to make the case that the rewards of corruption are not worth the risks undertaken to obtain them. Additionally, public-awareness campaigns organised by the state are a powerful educational tool. They should aim to explain what corruption is and why it is unacceptable. Moreover, they are a great opportunity to present to the public the best channels for communicating known, or suspected, cases of corruption to the authorities. Several different institutions and stakeholder groups are involved in the external oversight and democratic control of police services: the executive, the parliament, the judiciary, specialised police oversight and anti-corruption bodies, ad hoc inquiries, civil society, and the media.

Building integrity measures within the police force is a matter concerning, first and foremost, the police personnel itself. Internal control and supervision entities play a crucial role by enforcing codes of conduct and sanctioning inappropriate behaviour. National governments via anti-corruption commissions, for example, are responsible for the oversight of corruption in the state sector, in general, and in the police force, in particular, as the ultimate authority and primary funder of police services.

International organisations play a variety of roles in the struggle against police corruption, such as providing common definition of corruption, best practices, expertise, trainings, and advice, as well as imposing sanctions.

Civil society, media, and other non-state actors can contribute considerably to reducing police corruption by informing the public and raising awareness, as well as by establishing channels of communication between the public, the authorities, and the police.

Whistleblower protections can be absolutely vital in ensuring a means for staff to come forward and report wrongdoing. Centre for Integrity in the Defence Sector. Criteria for good governance in the defence sector.

In the first scenario, the investigation is focused on the main crime, while the firearm is seized and eventually considered as an element of evidence of the principal offence. After the firearm is seized, no further tracing and onward investigation of the origin and routing of the firearm takes place. While the principal case is prosecuted and adjudicated, the firearms flows remain undisclosed and continue to supply illicit firearms. The second scenario, promoted by UNODC, encourages opening a second investigation focused on firearms trafficking in parallel with the investigation of the main crime.

In this situation the firearm is identified and traced, thus providing details on the origins, routing and persons involved in the firearms trafficking. The main crime is prosecuted and adjudicated, and, in this scenario, the firearms trafficking is also prosecuted and adjudicated, while the firearms flow is stopped.

The advantage of the parallel firearms trafficking investigation is that it not only stops the illicit firearms flow and prevents criminals and terrorists from acquiring more firearms, but also contributes to a better understanding of the firearms trafficking phenomenon. The conclusions of the parallel investigation can be shared among communities of practitioners and can be used as good practices in future investigations. This comparison emphasizes the fact that good practice involves the systematic recording and tracing of all seized firearms, and investigation into the origins of these arms.

A criminal investigation typically encompasses four stages: the initiation also referred to as detection or triggering ; the initial investigation; the follow-up investigation; and the report. Although these stages are common to all investigations, when firearms are involved, each stage presents some indicators specific to the firearms issues.

Direct investigations are triggered by events where the firearm is the main element of the primary offence. Events that trigger a direct investigation can include, without limitation, any of the main group of offences below:. Case 1: The French citizen, R. In the trial, the tribunal considered whether the defendant, after having bought seven shotguns in an Andorran gun shop, intended to pass them to France illegally.

The Andorran police seized these firearms and a mobile phone. The defendant was sentenced to 30 months of imprisonment, the confiscation of the firearms and mobile phone, and to an accessory penalty of twenty years of expulsion from the country Sharing Electronic Resources and Laws on Crime SHERLOC, a.

Derived or indirect investigations are triggered by events where the firearm was an accessory used for the commission of the principal crime. Events that trigger a derived or indirect investigation can include, without limitation:. The principal aims and objectives of this gang included committing robberies and producing and trafficking drugs, mainly crack cocaine. The modus operandi of the organized criminal group was to rent houses in these cities from which persons lower in the criminal hierarchy would sell crack cocaine.

Informative investigations are triggered by information or reports about firearms that are illicitly owned, illicitly used or are the subject of illicit transfers. Events that trigger an informative investigation can include, without limitation:. Case 3: In November , law enforcement and prosecutors in Europe and the US launched Operation Onymous, an international operation aimed at taking down online illegal markets and arresting vendors and administrators of such markets.

It is crucial to the success of the entire investigation. Forensic experts are often called to support the proper management of the crime scene and the preservation of the evidence and its chain of custody to enable presentation in court.

Specifically, in connection to firearms investigations the following actions will be performed during the follow-up investigation:. This is the usually also the moment where the investigators will decide on the extent and scope of the investigation, and whether the case remains a single isolated incident or it has the potential to develop into a broader case that involves multiple cases or an international investigation, and the type of resources that it will require.

Investigation planning and management : Investigations into firearm-related crimes, especially complex and transnational cases, can require significant resources and specific investigator skills, together with the need for expert guidance and support in relation to the nature of the apparent contravention, the applicable law and relevant jurisprudence.

Usually, an investigative plan is required, especially where the crimes involved are many and complex, and require international cooperation, to ensure an effective, structured approach to the full scope of the investigation. Collection of evidence : Investigations are preliminary fact-finding exercises that primarily serve to collect and preserve evidence from crime scenes so that it can be communicated to appropriate decision-makers.

There are various means by which evidence is gathered and it is important to create a record from whom the evidence was obtained and where and how it was collected. The location of the crime scene can be the place where the crime took place, or any area that contains evidence from the crime itself. Firearms and ammunition can provide a wealth of investigative evidence that is gathered at a crime scene or in the context of searches. Specific aspects of firearms as evidence will be addressed further in subsequent parts of this Module.

It is important to note that such information and evidence collection should not be limited to firearms and ammunition specific information, but should be as broad as possible and involve also information on the broader criminal context, which can provide additional leads on possible trafficking offences or links to other serious crimes.

At the conclusion of an investigation, a report should be prepared to present the facts established by the investigation process that substantiate the criminal conduct of an individual or legal entity. The report should include a description of the case, the identification details of the investigators and experts, and present all steps of the investigation.

Most criminal justice programs take two years or less to complete. In some cases there are additional certificates or examinations that you have to complete but acquiring an associate degree can be a way to get your resume to the top of the applicant pile.

There are few more compelling reasons for wanting to do this work than the ability to save lives. Few careers will give you that opportunity, which makes this kind of work among the most meaningful job that anyone can do. In this line of work you also have the opportunity to make that important impact on people right where you live. Many people choose to work where they live, which makes this kind of career even more meaningful.

If you work as a police officer, for instance, even when you are not actively saving lives, you are working toward making your community a better, safer place. You have a true effect on the daily lives and experiences of the people who live around you. A lot of law enforcement work is related to reaching out in the community and strengthening relationships so that crimes and harm to people and property can be prevented. What you get with a career in law enforcement is the exact opposite of boring.

While there may be slow days, every day on the job in this field has the potential to be exciting and interesting. Officers and other law enforcement professionals have to be prepared for anything to happen any day on the job. In addition to actual, adrenaline-pumping action, these jobs are also interesting because they require you to think on your feet.

You will have to make quick decisions after analyzing a situation and determining the best solution to a problem. There may be some desk time and paperwork in law enforcement, but in general, this is not a desk job. Because of the growth of the population, world social have committed many crime offences as well. The law needs to control the social order and bring peace to human society.

Commonly, science has helped to solve the legal problems in communities. As Simon A. But most will not rehabilitate and will continue their life of crime if they are granted this. Teens that commit heinous crimes such as murder, rape, and other similar crimes should be sentenced to life in prison. But with the possibility of parole should be present, and for the most heinous crimes. It is not likely that parole would be given. This means that even the criminals, who are a part of the public, have certain rights, particularly, civil rights.

Police brutality causes a major concern in America. These racial prejudices are. Which influence officer behaviors to make peace with citizens. The advantages for community policing is that both the officer and citizens get to come in accordance with reducing crime and increase the security in the community and neighborhoods.

This era gave citizen a voice. To help assist and work with officers as community watch to reduce crime. Unlike the reform era, who attempted to be. Many homicides are related to conflict or disputes between family members, friends and lovers.

Thus, law enforcement officials are able to connect and link the victims to someone that they know. But in the case of serial killers, due to their aggressive and impulsive behavior, they usually do not have a set motive for their killings, so their victims can range from loved ones to complete strangers. Their constant drive for fulfillment and fantasy makes them even more susceptible to horrendous crimes against many different individuals.